ISO 27001 Lead Implementer Practice Exams
Over 500 Practice Questions of Exam-Level Difficulty with Very Detailed Explanations to Right and Wrong Answers
ISO 27001 Lead Implementer Practice Exams: Over 500 Practice Questions of Exam-Level Difficulty with Very Detailed Explanations to Right and Wrong Answers
© 2025 Daniel House All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-1-300-51936-2
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Introduction
Welcome to the ISO 27001 LI Exam Practice Book—your comprehensive guide to mastering the concepts and practical applications of the ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System (ISMS) standard. Whether you are a seasoned information security professional looking to refresh your knowledge or a newcomer preparing for your certification exam, this book is designed to help you build confidence, sharpen your skills, and ensure you’re well-prepared to succeed on exam day.
Why ISO/IEC 27001?
ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally recognized standard for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving an Information Security Management System. In today’s fast-paced, digital world, safeguarding sensitive information is not just a regulatory requirement—it’s a strategic imperative. The ISO 27001 LI exam challenges candidates to apply their understanding of risk management, control implementation, auditing processes, and continual improvement, ensuring that they can effectively manage and secure information assets in a variety of organizational environments.
What This Book Offers
This practice book is structured around a series of carefully crafted questions that reflect the real-world challenges you might face during the exam and in your professional role. Each question is followed by detailed explanations that not only reveal the correct answer but also explore why other options may be less effective or inappropriate. By breaking down complex scenarios—such as managing inconsistent adherence to ISMS policies, mitigating risks in cloud environments, or aligning security objectives with business goals—we provide you with a deeper understanding of the practical applications of ISO/IEC 27001 principles.
Key features of this book include:
Realistic Exam Scenarios: Practice questions based on scenarios you might encounter during the exam, allowing you to test your knowledge in a context that mirrors real-life challenges.
Detailed Explanations: Comprehensive breakdowns of each question to help you understand the rationale behind the correct answers and to reinforce the key principles of ISO/IEC 27001.
Focused Learning: Topics are organized to cover various aspects of ISMS implementation—from risk assessments and control implementations to audit processes and staff training—ensuring a well-rounded preparation.
How to Use This Book
We recommend that you approach this book as both a study guide and a practical reference tool:
Read through the scenarios and explanations carefully: Take note of the reasoning behind each answer. Understanding why a particular approach is recommended will help you apply these concepts in your own work.
Reflect on your own experiences: Consider how the examples provided can relate to challenges you’ve faced in your organization or anticipate facing in the future.
Review and repeat: Regular review of the material and self-testing with the practice questions will solidify your grasp of the content and boost your confidence as you prepare for the exam.
As you embark on this journey, remember that mastery of ISO/IEC 27001 is not just about passing an exam—it’s about developing a robust approach to managing information security that can safeguard your organization’s most valuable assets. We hope this book serves as a valuable companion in your professional development and exam preparation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
85 Practice Questions Test 001
Questions and Explanations Test 001
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85 Practice Questions Test 001
Exam Level Difficulty
1. The ISMS manager conducts a regular review and finds that while policies and procedures are adequate, staff across several departments are inconsistent in their adherence to ISMS requirements. This inconsistency poses a risk to the ISMS's effectiveness. What is the most effective step the ISMS manager should take to address this issue?
A. Revise the policies and procedures to simplify compliance requirements.
B. Conduct targeted training sessions to improve staff understanding and adherence.
C. Increase the frequency of audits to detect noncompliance more effectively.
D. Introduce stricter disciplinary measures to enforce compliance.
2. An e-commerce company using Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) for its operations is implementing ISO/IEC 27001. During a risk assessment, it is identified that misconfigurations in virtual servers could lead to data breaches. What is the MOST effective way to manage this risk in compliance with ISO/IEC 27001?
A. Regularly monitor and audit the IaaS provider’s infrastructure for misconfigurations.
B. Implement a configuration management policy and perform regular internal reviews of virtual server configurations.
C. Rely on the IaaS provider’s automated tools to detect and fix misconfigurations.
D. Use a hybrid approach by combining IaaS with on-premises servers to reduce the risk of misconfigurations.
3. During an ISMS implementation, an organization faces challenges in ensuring that new employees understand its information security policies and practices. The implementation team must establish a process for managing and transferring organizational knowledge to new hires. Which of the following approaches is most effective in achieving this objective?
A. Distribute a comprehensive employee handbook on information security policies during the onboarding process.
B. Develop a structured onboarding program that includes hands-on training, mentorship, and access to a centralized knowledge repository.
C. Require new employees to attend a single-day security awareness workshop upon joining the organization.
D. Provide access to the organization’s risk register to familiarize new employees with identified risks and controls.
4. An organization implementing ISO/IEC 27001 handles large amounts of transactional data from its e-commerce platform. This data is generated at a rapid rate and includes various formats, such as text, images, and videos. The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) expresses concern over the ability to secure such a dynamic data environment. Which characteristic of big data should the organization prioritize addressing first to align with ISO/IEC 27001 requirements?
A. Focus on the variety of data formats to ensure all data types are uniformly protected.
B. Address the volume of data to ensure sufficient storage capacity and backup mechanisms are in place.
C. Prioritize the velocity of data generation to ensure real-time monitoring and rapid threat detection.
D. Concentrate on securing a single data format to simplify the overall security management process.
5. During the ISMS planning phase, an organization realizes that its information security objectives are poorly defined and not aligned with business objectives. What is the most effective method to address this issue and establish meaningful information security objectives?
A. Review the organization’s mission and vision statements and define objectives accordingly.
B. Use the results of the risk assessment to formulate objectives directly tied to identified risks.
C. Consult with senior management to identify business objectives and align security objectives to support them.
D. Benchmark information security objectives against industry peers to establish realistic goals.
6. A technology firm implementing ISO/IEC 27001 sets a security objective to ensure that confidential design documents for a new product remain undisclosed to unauthorized parties. Which control is most effective in achieving this security objective?
A. Implement encryption for all design documents during storage and transmission.
B. Require employees to sign non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) before accessing design documents.
C. Conduct regular internal audits to verify the security of design documents.
D. Restrict access to design documents to employees working on the specific project.
7. A healthcare provider is implementing ISO/IEC 27001 Annex A controls to secure electronic health records (EHRs). To ensure compliance, the organization needs to protect EHRs from being altered or deleted by unauthorized individuals. Which control is most appropriate?
A. Configuring role-based access controls (RBAC) to restrict data modification privileges.
B. Conducting biannual security awareness training for all employees handling EHRs.
C. Encrypting the EHRs using AES-256 to ensure data confidentiality.
D. Implementing a disaster recovery plan to restore EHRs in the event of data loss.
8. A multinational organization has identified several nonconformities during an internal audit of its Information Security Management System (ISMS). The lead implementer is tasked with ensuring these nonconformities are adequately addressed. Which of the following actions best demonstrates compliance with ISO/IEC 27001 in tracking and resolving nonconformities?
A. Conducting a root cause analysis for each nonconformity and updating the audit report.
B. Assigning a responsible party for corrective action and ensuring the completion date is recorded.
C. Escalating all nonconformities to the management team for immediate resolution.
D. Prioritizing nonconformities based on their severity and documenting the corrective actions taken.
9. During a Stage 1 audit, the external auditor raises concerns about the organization’s documented scope of the ISMS, stating that it does not cover all critical business functions. The organization revises the scope before the Stage 2 audit. What does this scenario illustrate about the difference between Stage 1 and Stage 2 audits?
A. The Stage 1 audit validates the operational effectiveness of the ISMS, while the Stage 2 audit evaluates the scope of the ISMS.
B. The Stage 1 audit ensures the ISMS scope is clearly defined and appropriate, while the Stage 2 audit assesses its implementation across the defined scope.
C. The Stage 1 audit verifies the ISMS scope is aligned with legal requirements, while the Stage 2 audit checks for completeness of ISMS documentation.
D. The Stage 1 audit identifies issues in ISMS documentation, while the Stage 2 audit addresses unresolved documentation gaps.
10. A manufacturing company is preparing to establish its information security procedures. The project team suggests creating a single, comprehensive procedure covering all ISO/IEC 27001 requirements. What is the most effective way to structure the organization’s procedures?
A. Develop a single procedure that integrates all technical and administrative controls for simplicity.
B. Create a set of procedures tailored to specific processes and aligned with the organization’s operational workflows.
C. Rely on existing operational procedures and add an annex that references ISO/IEC 27001 controls.
D. Focus only on drafting procedures for high-risk areas identified during the risk assessment.
11. An organization implementing an ISMS has outsourced part of its operations to a third-party service provider. The implementation team must ensure that the provider's employees are also trained on the organization's information security requirements. What is the best approach to achieve this?
A. Require the service provider to implement its own information security training program and provide evidence of compliance.
B. Include the service provider’s employees in the organization's existing training and awareness sessions.
C. Provide the service provider with access to the organization’s training materials and ask them to deliver the training independently.
D. Audit the service provider periodically to ensure their employees are trained on relevant security requirements.
12. An organization is finalizing its Risk Treatment Plan as part of the ISMS implementation. The project manager must ensure that the plan complies with ISO/IEC 27001 requirements while being practical for implementation. What action should the project manager take to meet both criteria?
A. Include only technical controls in the Risk Treatment Plan to ensure cost-effective implementation.
B. Prioritize the implementation of controls that address high-likelihood risks, as identified in the risk assessment.
C. Ensure the Risk Treatment Plan includes the rationale for selecting or rejecting each control option.
D. Limit the Risk Treatment Plan to the controls specified in ISO/IEC 27001 Annex A.
13. During an ISMS review, it was identified that corrective actions from previous internal audits were not being closed within the defined timeframes. What should the organization focus on when developing a corrective action plan to address this issue?
A. Establish a dedicated corrective action tracker to monitor the progress of all actions.
B. Conduct a risk assessment to determine the impact of delayed corrective actions.
C. Investigate and address the reasons for delays in implementing corrective actions.
D. Increase the frequency of management review meetings to ensure corrective actions are prioritized.
14. An organization has implemented an Information Security Management System (ISMS) and observes frequent changes in the regulatory landscape that impact its compliance obligations. To ensure continual monitoring of these change factors, which action should the organization prioritize?
A. Schedule periodic compliance audits to identify any gaps caused by regulatory changes.
B. Assign a dedicated compliance officer to monitor regulatory updates and their implications.
C. Develop a process to review regulatory changes annually and implement required updates.
D. Use an automated tool to track changes in regulations and notify stakeholders immediately.
15. During a follow-up audit, the external auditor reviews the action plan for a major non-conformity identified during the certification audit. The plan includes corrective actions, assigned responsibilities, and a timeline but does not specify how progress will be monitored. How should the auditor address this gap based on ISO/IEC 27001 guidelines?
A. Accept the action plan as sufficient since it addresses the key elements required for corrective actions.
B. Require the organization to include monitoring mechanisms to track progress and ensure accountability.
C. Recommend monitoring progress informally during regular management meetings.
D. Defer the evaluation of monitoring mechanisms until the next surveillance audit.
16. The organization’s management team requires regular insights into the ISMS’s alignment with strategic objectives. What tool would best support continual improvement by ensuring this alignment?
A. Strategic planning software to integrate ISMS objectives with organizational goals.
B. A key performance indicator (KPI) tracking tool to measure ISMS outcomes.
C. An enterprise resource planning (ERP) system to connect ISMS data with operational workflows.
D. A risk heat map to prioritize and visualize high-risk areas in the ISMS.
17. An organization has identified that its ISMS implementation project is falling behind schedule due to delays in completing the gap analysis phase. The project manager wants to take corrective action. Which of the following steps best demonstrates the application of project management principles to get the project back on track?
A. Extend the project timeline to allow more time for the gap analysis.
B. Allocate additional resources to the gap analysis task and reassign team members if needed.
C. Reduce the scope of the gap analysis to focus only on critical areas of compliance.
D. Skip the gap analysis phase and proceed directly to risk assessment.
18. A company is implementing ISO/IEC 27001 and has established a policy to limit access to customer financial data. During an internal audit, it is discovered that user permissions have not been reviewed for over a year, and some users have unnecessary access. Which Annex A control has been neglected in this scenario?
A. A.9.2.5 - Review of user access rights
B. A.10.1.1 - Policy on the use of cryptographic controls
C. A.12.6.2 - Restrictions on software installation
D. A.18.1.4 - Privacy and protection of personally identifiable information
19. During the selection of a certification body, the lead implementer identifies that one body has extensive experience in certifying organizations in similar industries but lacks a strong presence in the region where the organization operates. How should the lead implementer counsel the organization to proceed?
A. Recommend the certification body with regional expertise for better audit efficiency.
B. Prioritize the certification body with industry expertise, even if it lacks regional presence.
C. Advise the organization to select the body with the lowest cost to optimize the budget.
D. Suggest a detailed comparison of audit methodology and resources between the two options.
20. After completing an internal audit of the ISMS, the audit team submits its report to management. However, management expresses concerns that the findings do not provide enough actionable insights for improving the ISMS. What is the most effective way to enhance the value of future audit reports?
A. Including detailed recommendations for addressing identified nonconformities and opportunities for improvement.
B. Adding summaries of industry best practices to the audit report for comparison against the organization’s ISMS.
C. Increasing the frequency of audits to provide more data points for management to review.
D. Using advanced data analytics tools to identify trends and patterns in audit findings over time.
21. A financial organization must ensure that access to its customer data is restricted to authorized personnel only. Which of the following controls from Annex A of ISO/IEC 27001 would best address this requirement?
A. Implementing network segmentation to isolate customer data from other systems.
B. Assigning unique user IDs to all personnel accessing customer data.
C. Conducting quarterly audits of access permissions for customer data.
D. Using multi-factor authentication (MFA) for accessing customer data systems.
22. During a readiness review for an ISO/IEC 27001 certification audit, the lead implementer discovers that employees are unable to locate ISMS documentation relevant to their roles. What should the lead implementer do to resolve this issue and prepare personnel for the audit?
A. Ensure that all ISMS documentation is centrally stored and provide access credentials to employees.
B. Develop a quick-reference guide summarizing key ISMS documents and distribute it to employees.
C. Conduct a training session to familiarize employees with ISMS documentation structure and retrieval processes.
D. Assign team leaders to handle documentation retrieval during the audit and exclude employees from the process.
23. During an ISO/IEC 27001 audit, an organization is found to have inconsistencies in how security messages are communicated across departments. The management team decides to implement a unified communication plan. What is the MOST effective way to ensure the plan addresses this issue while aligning with ISO/IEC 27001 requirements?
A. Develop a centralized communication strategy with standardized templates for all departments to use.
B. Allow each department to tailor communication methods to their specific needs to ensure relevance.
C. Focus communication efforts on high-risk departments, as they are more likely to be targeted.
D. Introduce quarterly newsletters to update all employees on information security topics.
24. An organization is conducting an analysis of its external context as part of its ISMS implementation under ISO/IEC 27001. The project manager must ensure that all relevant factors are considered. Which of the following aspects should be included to comprehensively define the organization’s external context?
A. The organization’s internal policies and procedures for information security.
B. Applicable regulatory and legal requirements, supply chain relationships, and market conditions.
C. The roles and responsibilities of employees in maintaining information security.
D. The security classification levels used internally for sensitive information.
25. During an ISO/IEC 27001 ISMS implementation, a financial institution uses a strong AI system to assist in fraud detection by autonomously identifying patterns and decision-making without human intervention. The compliance team raises concerns about the lack of transparency in the system's decision-making process. How should the organization address this issue in alignment with ISO/IEC 27001?
A. Continue using the AI system without changes since its decisions are accurate and improve efficiency.
B. Implement a process to document and validate the decisions made by the AI system to ensure accountability.
C. Replace the AI system with a weak AI solution that only provides recommendations for human review.
D. Limit the AI system to low-risk decisions to avoid potential compliance and accountability issues.
26. An ISMS internal audit report indicates that some departments are not fully cooperating with auditors, citing time constraints and resource limitations. This lack of cooperation has resulted in incomplete audit findings for certain critical controls. What is the most effective step the ISMS manager should take to address this issue and improve the audit program?
A. Escalate the issue to senior management to mandate departmental cooperation.
B. Reschedule the audits to accommodate the availability of departmental resources.
C. Develop a communication plan to explain the importance of audits and address concerns.
D. Reduce the scope of the audits to focus on less resource-intensive controls.
27. A technology company implementing an ISMS needs to communicate its performance metrics, including key incidents and improvements, to top management and key stakeholders regularly. What is the most appropriate method for achieving this?
A. Include a detailed ISMS performance report in quarterly board meeting materials for review and discussion.
B. Send monthly email updates to top management summarizing key ISMS metrics and incident resolutions.
C. Establish a real-time dashboard displaying ISMS performance metrics accessible to top management.
D. Schedule bi-annual review sessions with top management to present ISMS performance and discuss improvements.
28. A financial institution conducting a risk assessment as part of its ISMS identifies that outdated software is running on critical servers. During the discussion, a manager suggests that the outdated software is the primary risk to the organization. How should the Lead Implementer explain the relationship between vulnerability, threat, and risk in this context?
A. The outdated software is a risk because it exposes the organization to potential attacks.
B. The outdated software is a vulnerability that, when combined with a relevant threat, results in a risk.
C. The outdated software is a threat because it creates an opportunity for malicious actors to exploit.
D. The outdated software is an impact because it directly affects the organization's operations.
29. A lead implementer prepares for a second-party audit conducted by a major client who wants to assess the organization’s ISMS compliance. The client’s auditor identifies a minor non-conformity and requests corrective action. How does a second-party audit differ from a first-party or third-party audit in this context?
A. It is conducted to prepare the organization for its certification audit by reviewing internal processes.
B. It is conducted by a certification body to independently verify compliance with ISO/IEC 27001 standards.
C. It is conducted by the client to assess compliance with contractual or agreed-upon requirements.
D. It is conducted to review the ISMS after certification for ongoing compliance with the standard.
30. An e-commerce company implementing ISO/IEC 27001 suffered a ransomware attack, rendering its customer order processing system unusable for 48 hours. The Lead Implementer is tasked with explaining the specific information security principle that was affected. How should this be categorized?
A. Confidentiality, because sensitive order data was exposed during the attack.
B. Integrity, because the ransomware potentially altered the system's functionality.
C. Availability, because the system was inaccessible for 48 hours.
D. Both integrity and availability, because the attack disrupted access and functionality.
31. An organization’s data center experiences a hardware failure that disrupts critical operations. The IT team restores services within two hours by switching to a secondary data center. Meanwhile, the organization continues its customer support and financial operations without interruption. Which of the following statements best describes the actions taken by the organization?
A. The organization executed its disaster recovery plan to restore IT services and avoided the need for business continuity measures.
B. The organization successfully implemented its business continuity plan to ensure essential operations were maintained and used disaster recovery to restore IT services.
C. The organization activated its disaster recovery plan, which inherently included business continuity measures to maintain operations.
D. The organization relied on its business continuity plan alone to restore services and ensure minimal downtime.
32. An organization’s ISMS steering committee is reviewing proposed information security objectives to determine if they align with business needs. One proposed objective is to improve email security by implementing an anti-phishing solution within the next six months.
What should the committee do to enhance this objective based on ISO/IEC 27001 guidelines?
A. Approve the objective as stated since it focuses on a specific control to address a critical threat.
B. Revise the objective to include measurable success criteria, such as a reduction in phishing-related incidents.
C. Expand the objective to cover all aspects of email security, including spam filtering and encryption.
D. Reject the objective and refocus on broader goals that prioritize compliance over specific controls.
33. A technology company has completed its ISMS implementation and must assign responsibility for incident response. The team proposes assigning the responsibility to the IT help desk. What additional steps should the organization take to ensure compliance with ISO/IEC 27001 requirements?
A. Provide the IT help desk with incident response training and documented procedures for handling incidents.
B. Delegate all incident response responsibilities to the IT help desk without additional support to maintain efficiency.
C. Establish an incident response team led by the IT help desk, with representatives from legal, HR, and senior management.
D. Require the IT help desk to escalate all incidents directly to senior management to ensure proper oversight.
34. A manufacturing company implementing ISO/IEC 27001 has identified a threat from malware that could disrupt its production systems. The IT team must select a control to mitigate this threat effectively. Which control is most appropriate for addressing this risk?
A. Deploy antivirus software and configure it to automatically update definitions.
B. Implement a secure software development lifecycle (SDLC) for internal applications.
C. Perform a full risk acceptance analysis for all systems and document decisions.
D. Isolate production systems on a separate network with strict access controls.
35. During the final audit discussion, the auditor states that the organization’s supplier evaluation process lacks sufficient detail to ensure compliance with Annex A.15 of ISO/IEC 27001. The lead implementer believes the process is adequate but suspects the auditor overlooked some of the supporting evidence. What is the best way to challenge this finding?
A. Ask the auditor to revisit the supplier evaluation process to ensure all evidence has been considered.
B. Accept the finding and commit to adding more detail to the supplier evaluation process.
C. Argue that the existing process meets the requirements and does not need additional detail.
D. Submit additional evidence post-audit to demonstrate compliance with Annex A.15.
36. A healthcare provider is finalizing its SoA and must ensure it aligns with ISO/IEC 27001 requirements. What is the most critical information that should be included in the SoA?
A. A detailed description of each implemented control, including technical specifications.
B. A list of all Annex A controls, their applicability, justification for inclusion or exclusion, and implementation status.
C. A high-level summary of the organization’s information security policies and procedures.
D. A mapping of Annex A controls to the organization’s compliance obligations.
37. An organization implementing ISO/IEC 27001 has completed its risk assessment and is finalizing its SoA. During a review meeting, a team member suggests including additional controls not listed in Annex A. How should the project manager address this suggestion?
A. Exclude any controls not listed in Annex A, as they are outside the scope of ISO/IEC 27001.
B. Include the additional controls in the SoA with justification and link them to identified risks or organizational objectives.
C. Create a separate document for the additional controls and reference it outside the ISMS scope.
D. Limit the SoA to mandatory Annex A controls to ensure consistency with the ISO/IEC 27001 standard.
38. A company plans to integrate its ISMS with its existing Zachman Framework. The IT team must map ISMS controls to specific framework components to ensure comprehensive coverage. Which of the following best represents the correct approach for mapping ISO/IEC 27001 controls in this context?
A. Align ISMS controls with rows in the framework to define roles and responsibilities.
B. Map ISMS controls to columns to address specific perspectives like data, function, and people.
C. Focus on integrating ISMS controls with the entire framework without targeting specific rows or columns.
D. Use ISMS controls exclusively within the What
column to document data-related requirements.
39. During the certification audit for an ISMS, the auditor requests evidence of the implementation of encryption controls for sensitive data stored in the cloud. The lead implementer realizes that the documentation provided to the auditor includes only policy-level details without specific evidence of implemented encryption. What should the lead implementer provide as additional evidence to meet the audit requirements?
A. A copy of the encryption algorithm used for securing cloud data.
B. Configuration settings and screenshots from the cloud provider demonstrating encryption is enabled.
C. A detailed risk assessment explaining why encryption was chosen as a control.
D. A report from the internal audit team confirming compliance with the encryption policy.
40. An organization has implemented ISO/IEC 27001 and is now in the process of monitoring and measuring the effectiveness of its ISMS. The management team has requested clear metrics to determine whether implemented controls are addressing the organization’s risks effectively. What is the most appropriate approach to meeting this request?
A. Use compliance checklists to monitor adherence to ISO/IEC 27001 control requirements.
B. Develop key performance indicators (KPIs) aligned with the organization’s risk treatment objectives.
C. Conduct monthly security awareness training sessions for all employees.
D. Schedule quarterly internal audits to evaluate the effectiveness of the ISMS.
41. An IT service provider implementing ISO/IEC 27001 conducts a risk assessment and determines that inadequate data backups pose a risk to business continuity. The Lead Implementer recommends implementing an automated backup system. How should this control be classified and what is its primary objective?
A. It is a technical control with the objective of ensuring data integrity.
B. It is a technical control with the objective of ensuring data availability.
C. It is an administrative control with the objective of ensuring data integrity.
D. It is a physical control with the objective of protecting data from unauthorized access.
42. During an ISMS implementation, a logistics company identifies a critical dependency on the availability of its GPS tracking system. A recent outage caused significant disruption to operations. To prevent future occurrences, the organization decides to implement controls. Which control best supports the availability of the GPS tracking system under ISO/IEC 27001?
A. Regularly back up GPS tracking data to an offsite location.
B. Deploy a redundant GPS tracking system to minimize downtime.
C. Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for accessing the GPS system.
D. Conduct a vulnerability scan to identify potential weaknesses in the GPS system.
43. An organization implementing ISO/IEC 27001 experiences a ransomware attack that encrypts critical business data. The IT team immediately starts restoring backups without formally analyzing the incident or notifying management. What is the MOST appropriate step to align the incident response with ISO/IEC 27001 best practices?
A. Continue restoring backups to minimize downtime and resolve the incident quickly.
B. Stop the restoration process and conduct a formal incident analysis to determine the scope and impact.
C. Notify senior management about the incident after the restoration process is complete.
D. Immediately engage external cybersecurity experts to resolve the issue without conducting internal analysis.
44. A retail organization is implementing an ISMS and has allocated resources based on initial estimates. However, as the project progresses, the team realizes that some activities are over-resourced while others are under-resourced. What is the best way for the project manager to rebalance resources?
A. Prioritize under-resourced activities and reduce the scope of over-resourced tasks to save time and costs.
B. Adjust resource allocation based on ongoing assessments of project priorities and resource usage data.
C. Maintain the original resource plan to avoid delays and focus on completing the project as planned.
D. Postpone the under-resourced activities until additional resources can be allocated without affecting over-resourced tasks.
45. An e-commerce organization must address risks associated with distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks targeting its public-facing web application. Which control is most appropriate to manage this risk in the context of ISO/IEC 27001?
A. Establishing an incident response plan for DDoS scenarios.
B. Deploying a web application firewall (WAF) with DDoS protection features.
C. Conducting regular penetration testing on the web application.
D. Monitoring the web application for unusual traffic patterns.
46. A financial institution is identifying the resources needed for its ISMS implementation. The institution plans to conduct a risk assessment across multiple departments, each with unique data handling practices. What is the most appropriate resource allocation strategy for this phase?
A. Centralize the risk assessment process by involving only the information security team to reduce complexity.
B. Assign departmental representatives to collaborate with the ISMS team and allocate time for their involvement.
C. Use external auditors to conduct the risk assessment to ensure objectivity and limit internal involvement.
D. Focus on the most critical departments initially and expand the assessment later to save time and resources.
47. An organization has been monitoring the success of its ISMS by using the metric percentage of security incidents resolved within SLA.
Over the past six months, this metric has remained static, even though additional resources were allocated to the incident response team. What is the best way to evaluate whether this metric is effective for measuring ISMS performance?
A. Assessing whether the metric is aligned with the organization’s security objectives and risk priorities.
B. Increasing the SLA resolution time to account for more complex security incidents.
C. Comparing this metric with industry benchmarks to determine its effectiveness.
D. Replacing this metric with one that measures the total number of security incidents reported monthly.
48. As part of an ISO/IEC 27001 implementation project, an organization identifies the need to protect documented information stored in both physical and digital formats. The IT team suggests focusing on securing digital information as it constitutes the majority, while neglecting physical documents to reduce costs. What is the MOST effective approach to ensure compliance with ISO/IEC 27001?
A. Prioritize securing digital information and address physical documents only when incidents occur.
B. Ensure equal protection measures for both physical and digital documented information based on risk assessment.
C. Focus on securing physical documents first, as they are more vulnerable to unauthorized access.
D. Implement measures for digital information only, as physical documents are less relevant in modern organizations.
49. A project manager is tasked with forming an ISMS project team for a large multinational organization. The manager wants to ensure that the team composition supports the successful implementation of the ISMS. Which of the following actions is most critical for achieving this goal?
A. Selecting team members exclusively from the IT department, as they are most familiar with technical controls.
B. Including representatives from various departments such as HR, legal, operations, and IT to ensure diverse perspectives.
C. Hiring external consultants to perform all ISMS tasks and excluding internal employees to avoid conflicts.
D. Limiting the team to senior management to ensure quick decision-making and project oversight.
50. An organization’s lead implementer is evaluating the completeness of the Statement of Applicability (SoA) before the certification audit. They find that several controls marked as applicable
in the SoA have incomplete implementation evidence. How should the lead implementer address this issue to ensure the organization is ready for certification?
A. Remove the controls from the SoA and explain to the auditor that they are not yet applicable.
B. Ensure that implementation evidence is completed and documented before the certification audit.
C. Highlight the gaps in implementation during the audit and present a corrective action plan.
D. Provide verbal explanations of the implementation status to the auditor during the certification audit.
51. An external auditor conducting the Stage 2 audit requests evidence of user access reviews for critical systems as part of verifying the effectiveness of access control policies. The organization provides access logs but no documented reviews. What should the auditor conclude based on the Stage 2 audit requirements?
A. Access logs are sufficient to demonstrate compliance with access control policies.
B. The organization must provide evidence of periodic user access reviews to confirm compliance.
C. User access reviews are not relevant to the effectiveness of access control policies.
D. The auditor should focus on whether the access logs align with the documented policies.
52. An organization experienced repeated system outages due to configuration errors in its servers. As part of the continual improvement process, the lead implementer must analyze the root cause and recommend actions. Which of the following is the most appropriate step to take?
A. Document the configuration errors and ensure the IT team avoids similar mistakes in the future.
B. Investigate the process for implementing server configurations and identify potential gaps or lack of controls.
C. Increase server monitoring to detect and resolve configuration errors earlier.
D. Outsource the server configuration process to a third-party provider to reduce internal risks.
53. A technology company is implementing an ISMS and must define processes for managing supplier relationships to ensure compliance with ISO/IEC 27001 requirements. The team is tasked with designing a process to evaluate and monitor suppliers' adherence to information security requirements. Which of the following approaches best meets the requirements of the standard?
A. Require suppliers to sign a general confidentiality agreement and monitor their performance annually.
B. Implement a formal supplier assessment process that includes initial evaluations, regular audits, and contractual obligations for information security.
C. Allow suppliers to self-assess their information security practices and provide reports on an as-needed basis.
D. Use a third-party certification, such as ISO/IEC 27001, as the sole criterion for selecting and monitoring suppliers.
54. An organization conducting a risk assessment for its ISMS has identified a risk scenario where a data breach could lead to financial penalties and reputational damage. Which of the following approaches should the organization use to assess the potential impact of this risk?
A. Use a quantitative approach to calculate the financial cost of penalties and potential revenue loss.
B. Apply a qualitative approach to evaluate the severity of reputational damage based on expert opinions.
C. Combine both quantitative and qualitative approaches to assess financial and reputational impacts comprehensively.
D. Rely on historical data from similar organizations to estimate the impact without further analysis.
55. During the ISMS planning phase, an organization is using PESTLE analysis to better understand its external context. A senior manager questions how this analysis supports ISO/IEC 27001 implementation. How should the project team explain the relevance of PESTLE analysis in this context?
A. PESTLE analysis provides a detailed breakdown of internal risks and vulnerabilities.
B. PESTLE analysis helps identify external factors like political, economic, and legal influences that could affect the ISMS.
C. PESTLE analysis simplifies the identification of technical controls needed for information security.
D. PESTLE analysis is primarily used for internal resource planning, not for ISMS implementation.
56. A financial services organization has identified the risk of phishing attacks targeting its employees. The company decides to address this risk by implementing a combination of technical and procedural controls. Which approach best aligns with ISO/IEC 27001 for mitigating this risk?
A. Deploy email filtering solutions to block phishing emails and monitor employee email activity.
B. Conduct mandatory phishing awareness training for all employees and simulate phishing attacks.
C. Implement multifactor authentication (MFA) for all employee accounts and restrict access to sensitive data.
D. Combine email filtering solutions with phishing awareness training and document their effectiveness.
57. A global organization uses big data analytics to derive insights from customer behavior, which involves processing large volumes of sensitive customer data across multiple regions. During ISMS implementation, the team must address compliance with local data protection regulations while maintaining the efficiency of big data operations. What is the best approach to achieve this?
A. Apply the strictest regional data protection regulation globally to ensure compliance across all regions.
B. Implement a data classification framework to segment data based on sensitivity and location, and apply region-specific controls.
C. Store all sensitive customer data in a centralized repository located in the region with the least restrictive regulations.
D. Use a third-party service specializing in data protection to handle regulatory compliance and manage data storage.
58. A multinational organization is implementing ISO/IEC 27001 and is designing its ISMS scope. It manages sensitive project documents and employee records stored on company-issued devices across multiple regions. During discussions, the IT team suggests focusing on securing the devices rather than the information to simplify implementation. What is the best recommendation from the Lead Implementer?
A. Agree with the IT team to focus on device security for simplicity.
B. Emphasize that protecting sensitive project documents and employee records is the primary objective.
C. Recommend focusing equally on device security and information security to address risks holistically.
D. Suggest implementing strict device management policies without considering the information stored.
59. A global logistics company is initiating its ISMS implementation and must analyze its internal and external context. During a strategy session, the ISMS team debates whether to focus more on the company's existing IT infrastructure or its dependency on external vendors. How should the organization best approach this analysis to align with ISO/IEC 27001?
A. Prioritize the internal IT infrastructure since it directly impacts operational security.
B. Focus primarily on external vendors as they represent a greater source of external risks.
C. Analyze both internal and external factors, including IT infrastructure and vendor dependencies, to create a balanced understanding of risks and opportunities.
D. Conduct a regulatory compliance audit first to identify legal requirements before assessing the organizational context.
60. During an internal audit of an ISMS, the auditor discovers that the organization has not conducted a formal risk assessment in accordance with its documented risk management procedure for the past 18 months. The auditor decides to document this finding in the nonconformity report. Which of the following would be the most appropriate description of the nonconformity in the report?
A. The organization’s risk assessment process is completely ineffective and has not been followed for 18 months.
B. The organization has failed to conduct a risk assessment as per its documented risk management procedure within the defined timeline of 12 months.
C. The organization’s risk assessment schedule is outdated, and no steps have been taken to ensure compliance.
D. The risk management process does not comply with ISO/IEC 27001 requirements, and the risk assessment has not been performed regularly.
61. After conducting an annual review of its ISMS, an organization finds that while security incidents have decreased, operational costs have increased significantly due to redundant processes. What is the best counsel you can provide as a lead implementer to enhance efficiency without compromising effectiveness?
A. Reduce the scope of the ISMS to focus only on critical assets and processes.
B. Recommend automating repetitive tasks and optimizing workflows to reduce redundancy.
C. Eliminate certain security controls that are resource-intensive but not directly required by the standard.
D. Advise on reallocating resources from less critical areas to reduce costs while maintaining the ISMS.
62. A technology company implementing ISO/IEC 27001 identifies a risk of unauthorized physical access to its data center. The Lead Implementer proposes installing biometric authentication systems and security cameras to mitigate the risk. How should these elements be classified?
A. Unauthorized physical access is the vulnerability, biometric authentication is the asset, and security cameras are the threat.
B. The data center is the asset, unauthorized physical access is the threat, and biometric authentication is the control.
C. Security cameras are the control, unauthorized physical access is the vulnerability, and the data center is the threat.
D. Biometric authentication is the vulnerability, security cameras are the asset, and unauthorized physical access is the risk.
63. A manufacturing company is implementing an ISMS and wants to ensure its processes for monitoring and measuring compliance with ISO/IEC 27001 controls are effective. During the annual review, the audit team identifies that the monitoring plan is heavily reliant on manual processes. Which of the following actions would best improve the effectiveness of the monitoring and measurement program?
A. Implementing automated tools to track control performance metrics.
B. Increasing the frequency of internal audits to identify non-compliance earlier.
C. Revising the ISMS to remove less critical controls that are difficult to monitor.
D. Providing additional training to employees responsible for monitoring activities.
64. An organization is preparing for an ISMS certification audit and conducting an internal review of its documented information. During the review, the internal auditor identifies that the documented risk assessment procedure does not specify how frequently the assessment should be updated. How should the organization address this issue to meet the documented information review criteria for ISO/IEC 27001 compliance?
A. Add a generic statement that updates will occur as needed
to the risk assessment procedure.
B. Define a specific frequency for updates within the risk assessment procedure based on the organization’s risk environment.
C. Rely on verbal assurances from management that updates are performed periodically.
D. Leave the procedure unchanged, as the frequency of updates is assessed only during implementation.
65. A retail organization is finalizing its ISMS project plan and wants to ensure it is ready for filing and approval by the steering committee. Which of the following steps should the organization prioritize before filing the plan?
A. Conduct a comprehensive review to ensure all ISO/IEC 27001 clauses are addressed in the project plan.
B. Obtain feedback from department heads to verify the plan’s feasibility and alignment with business objectives.
C. Focus on detailing technical implementation steps to demonstrate readiness to the steering committee.
D. Include a high-level overview of the implementation phases without overloading the plan with details.
66. During a surveillance audit, the auditor discovered that multiple risk assessments conducted in the past year were inconsistent in methodology and outcomes. What is the most appropriate method to determine the root cause of this inconsistency?
A. Review the risk assessment training materials to ensure they align with ISO/IEC 27001 requirements.
B. Conduct process mapping of the risk assessment workflow to identify variations in implementation.
C. Interview different risk assessors to understand their individual approaches to risk assessments.
D. Analyze the organizational risk treatment plan for gaps or misalignments with risk assessment outcomes.
67. Following the initial certification audit, an organization develops corrective action plans for non-conformities identified in the audit report. During the follow-up audit, the external auditor notes that corrective actions were implemented but lacks sufficient evidence to confirm their effectiveness. What is the most appropriate course of action for the auditor?
A. Accept the implementation of corrective actions as evidence of compliance and close the non-conformities.
B. Require the organization to provide additional evidence of effectiveness before closing the non-conformities.
C. Close the non-conformities conditionally and review their effectiveness during the next surveillance audit.
D. Recommend re-initiating the certification process due to insufficient evidence.
68. A manufacturing organization is performing a risk assessment and must ensure that all relevant stakeholders are engaged. Which approach should the organization take to involve stakeholders effectively during the risk assessment process?
A. Limit stakeholder involvement to senior management to ensure high-level oversight.
B. Include representatives from all departments that own or use critical assets identified during the assessment.
C. Assign the risk assessment process to the IT department since most risks involve technology.
D. Engage only external consultants to conduct the assessment and provide recommendations.
69. An organization is considering adopting 5G technology to enhance the connectivity of its remote offices and devices. During the ISO/IEC 27001 implementation, the security team identifies potential risks associated with the rapid data transfer speeds and increased attack surface of 5G. What is the
